Legal and Financial Planning for Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease is a condition you want to get in front of as soon as you can. Aside from the necessary therapies to help alleviate the condition, the long term landscape for individuals and their families is a serious consideration when it comes to legal and financial concerns.
Advice from the National Institute on Aging suggests early-stage planning to match early-stage diagnosis;
“When possible, advance planning should take place soon after a diagnosis of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease while the person can participate in discussions. People with early-stage disease are often capable of understanding many aspects and consequences of legal decision making. However, legal and medical experts say that many forms of planning can help the person and his or her family even if the person is diagnosed with later-stage Alzheimer’s.”
The National Institute on Aging offers an excellent planning guide, excerpted below, with full document available here.
Legal, Financial, and Health Care Planning Documents
When families begin the legal planning process, there are a number of strategies and legal documents they need to discuss. Depending on the family situation and the applicable State laws, some or all of the following terms and documents may be introduced by the lawyer hired to assist in this process. Broadly speaking, these documents can be divided into two groups:
documents that communicate the health care wishes of someone who may no longer be able to make health care decisions
documents that communicate the financial management and estate plan wishes of someone who may no longer be able to make financial decisions
Advance Directives for Health Care
Advance directives for health care are documents that communicate the health care wishes of a person with Alzheimer’s disease. These decisions are then carried out after the person no longer can make decisions. In most cases, these documents must be prepared while the person is legally able to execute them.
Living Will
A Living Will records a person’s wishes for medical treatment near the end of life. It may do the following:
specify the extent of life-sustaining treatment and major health care the person wants
help a terminal patient die with dignity
protect the physician or hospital from liability for carrying out the patient’s instructions
specify how much discretion the person gives to his or her proxy (discussed below) about end-of-life decisions
Power of Attorney
A Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care designates a person, sometimes called an agent or proxy, to make health care decisions when the person with Alzheimer’s disease no longer can do so. Depending on State laws and the person’s preferences, the proxy might be authorized to:
refuse or agree to treatments
change health care providers
remove the person from an institution
decide about making organ donations
decide about starting or continuing life support (if not specified in a living will)
decide whether the person with Alzheimer’s will end life at home or in a facility
have access to medical records
Do Not Resuscitate
A Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order instructs health care professionals not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation if a person’s heart stops or if he or she stops breathing. A DNR order is signed by a doctor and put in a person’s medical chart.
Advance Directives for Financial and Estate Management
Advance directives for financial and estate management must be created while the person with Alzheimer’s still can make these decisions (sometimes referred to as “having legal capacity” to make decisions). These directives may include some or all of the following:
A Will indicates how a person’s assets and estate will be distributed upon death. It also can specify:
arrangements for care of minors
gifts
trusts to manage the estate
funeral and/or burial arrangements
What to Do After an Alzheimer’s Diagnosis
Medical and legal experts say that the newly diagnosed person with Alzheimer’s and his or her family should move quickly to make or update a will and secure the estate.
A Durable Power of Attorney for Finances names someone to make financial decisions when the person with Alzheimer’s disease no longer can. It can help people with the disease and their families avoid court actions that may take away control of financial affairs.
A Living Trust provides instructions about the person’s estate and appoints someone, called the trustee, to hold title to property and funds for the beneficiaries. The trustee follows these instructions after the person no longer can manage his or her affairs.
The person with Alzheimer’s disease also can name the trustee as the health care proxy through the durable power of attorney for health care.
A living trust can:
include a wide range of property
provide a detailed plan for property disposition
avoid the expense and delay of probate (in which the courts establish the validity of a will)
state how property should be distributed when the last beneficiary dies and whether the trust should continue to benefit others
Who Can Help?
Health Care Providers—Health care providers cannot act as legal or financial advisors, but they can encourage planning discussions between patients and their families. Qualified clinicians can also guide patients, families, the care team, attorneys, and judges regarding the patient’s ability to make decisions.
Elder Law Attorneys (ELAs)—An ELA helps older people and families:
interpret State laws
plan how their wishes will be carried out
understand their financial options
learn how to preserve financial assets while caring for a loved one
The National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys and the American Bar Association can help families find qualified ELAs. See the list of resources at the end of this fact sheet for more information.
Geriatric Care Managers
Geriatric Care Managers—Geriatric care managers (GCMs) are trained social workers or nurses who can help people with Alzheimer’s disease and their families:
discuss difficult topics and complex issues
address emotional concerns
make short- and long-term plans
evaluate in-home care needs
select care personnel
coordinate medical services
evaluate other living arrangements
provide caregiver stress relief
Broad Street can help. We provide premium, customized home care services to help manage overall health care and awareness. Through our Professional Network we can help you find the right resources like Estate Planners and Wealth Managers as well as Elder Attorneys.
We provide home care in the North Shore, Western Suburbs, and the City of Chicago. For more information, please call 847.728.0134.